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Don Pacifico affair and case
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The Don Pacifico Affair was an episode of gun boat diplomacy which occurred in 1850 and concerned the Kingdom of Greece, the United Kingdom, and Portugal. The affair is named after David Pacifico. The grandfather of David Pacifico, named David Pacifico him too, settled down in Gibraltar in 1726 at 19 coming there from Italy where Pacifico's family arrived at the time of Jews' expulsion from Spain in 1492. Pacifico's family was a spanish sephardic one. Because of his task of honorary consul of the reign of Portugal, where Pacifico grew up because of his father work a diffused misunderstanding has indicated him as a jew of portuguese descent, which is not correct. The Pacificos or Pacificis have infact always been known as jews of spanish descent in all the italian communities they have belonged to,, particularly the one of Florence. David Pacifico became a naturalized british subject afterwards.
==Background==
In 1820 the Greek people began their revolt from the Ottoman Empire. In 1828, England, France and Russia forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize the independence of the Greeks, and, by a treaty of 1832, Greece was recognized as an independent state. During those dozen years, Greece had had a republican form of government. The powers, however, were monarchies, suffering from the recent experiences of Napoleon and the revolutions of 1830. They therefore imposed a monarchy upon Greece, along with a new monarch, Otto von Wittelsbach, the under-age second son of the King of Bavaria. Aware and embarrassed that they were betraying Constitutionalism and the principles of liberty for which many Englishmen had fought in the War of Greek Independence, Britain demanded that this new King, when he came of age, should work out a constitution with the Greek people, by which the country would then be governed. This demand was agreed to by all parties to the Treaty. When King Otto came of age in 1835, he dismissed his Bavarian ministers and ruled as an absolute monarch, thereby betraying his commitments to the Greeks and to Britain, according to the treaty of 1832. His decisions were supported by the three despotic governments of Russia, Prussia and Austria, as well as by France. It was the assertion of the British Foreign Office, however, that Otto was in violation of the Treaty of 1832, and that, without a Constitution, the courts of Greece were dependent upon the whim of the King, and that justice could not be obtained for British subjects in those courts.〔Lord Palmerston, Foreign Minister, speech before the House of Commons, June 25, 1850, in John Alden (editor), ''Representative British Orations'' Volume 4 (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900), 136-140.〕
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